Technological Advancement for Eliminating Antibiotic Resistance Genes from Wastewater: A Review of their Mechanisms and Progress

See http://tny.im/ptk — Antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs) in concurrence with antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) have been identified globally as contaminants that threatens public health. These contaminants enter into wastewater treatment plants through different channels such as hospital, domestic, pharmaceutical, and agricultural activities. These channels are responsible for disseminating antibiotic resistance genes among the non-resistant bacteria by horizontal gene transfer, making wastewater a hotspot for ARB/ARGs. Conventional and advanced treatment processes have been widely used to mitigate or minimize conjugative gene transfer risk. Application of these processes alone can successfully inactivate ARB during the treatment process, but there is a…